If we go back far enough in time, there were several species of hominids (human types) alive in the world at the same time. Many of them became overly specialized and went extinct. For whatever reason, only Homo Sapiens Sapiens survived. Had those other species not become overly specialized, the world might be a lot more like Star Trek today with a variety of humanoid species running about.
Around 70,000 years ago, human kind almost ceased to exist. According to genetic studies, the human population may have dropped to 2,000 individuals. The trigger for the near complete extinction may have been a drought. Whatever the case, those 2,000 individuals survived and now there are over 6 billion people in the world today.
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