Muhammad
died in 632. He created Islam, expanded the religion, and left its future to
his followers. Muslims continued to spread their doctrine by the sword. In 636,
Umar the Great laid siege to Jerusalem after defeating the Byzantine Empire at
the Battle of Yarmouk. The city fell and became part of the Caliphate in 638.
Four centuries later, European Christians marched to the Holy Land to reclaim
the city. In the meantime, Islam continued its violent expansion into Africa
and Europe.
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